碳化矽材料由於其出色的耐高溫性能,最早製作的換熱器用在高溫煙氣餘熱回收工藝上,後來隨著燒結工藝的不斷提高,碳化矽的耐腐蝕性能在化工行業開始嶄露頭角,成為新生的非金屬耐腐蝕換熱器,目前已有碳化矽管換熱器,碳化矽板式換熱器等結構形式。
碳化矽換熱管是以不同粒度的碳化矽粉為原料,加入臨時性粘合劑,通過澆鑄成型、固化、高溫燒結等工序製作而成。製成的碳化矽管具有導熱係數高、熱穩定性好、耐全面腐蝕等特點。
因為反應燒結製成的碳化矽管內含有游離矽,導致其在某些環境下的耐腐蝕性能大大折扣(從表中可以看出,在濃硫酸、HF、強鹼性溶液(NaOH、KOH)中無壓燒結碳化矽管耐腐蝕性能要明顯優於反應燒結的碳化矽管),國內外大量的工業實踐證實,無壓燒結碳化矽換熱器較反應燒結碳化矽換熱器在節能效率、使用壽命等方面具有更加明顯的優勢。
無壓燒結碳化矽管性能
鹼金屬:鋰、鈉、鉀、銣、铯、琺
哈氏合金(廣泛應用的典型代表HC-276)的各種腐蝕數據是非常具有代表性的,也是目前化工腐蝕環境應用非常廣泛的耐蝕合金,特別是對於混酸的耐蝕性,表現出了優異的性能。 如圖中所示,Hc-276在很多腐蝕環境下的腐蝕數據,腐蝕速率>9.9mg/cm2•a時謹慎使用,而如前所述,無壓燒結的碳化矽換熱器在這些惡劣環境下具有極好的耐蝕性能,可以取代一些貴重金屬(如鋯、鉭等)的使用。
碳化矽陶瓷管導熱係數與通常用的浸漬石墨管的導熱係數相當,而遠比其他材料的導熱係數高,是金屬鉭的2倍,是不銹鋼的5-7倍,是哈氏合金的10倍,是玻璃的15倍。
無壓燒結碳化矽管性能
非金屬材料耐蝕性能
u碳材料的導熱係數是120~140W/m·℃,四種耐腐蝕材料中最高的
u碳化矽換熱器具有全面耐腐蝕的優良特性,浸漬石墨(常見的是石墨+酚醛樹脂浸漬)、玻璃、搪瓷換熱器在某些特定的腐蝕環境中使用受限(浸漬樹脂容易失效,導致換熱器失效)
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